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Italian FUTURE (simple and perfect): how is it formed and when is it used?

    In this class we will continue studying the Italian tenses and moods! In particular, today we will see the FUTURE: how it is formed and when it is used! Don’t miss this lesson!

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    SIMPLE FUTURE and PERFECT FUTURE: morphology and use

    The Italian future is divided into: simple and perfect.

    SIMPLE FUTURE

    Good news: the endings of the simple future are the same for all the groups of verbs! That’s great, isn’t it? πŸ˜‰

    Furthermore, the endings of the future should not be added to the root of the verb, but to the whole verb without the last vowel -E.

    Let’s see an example for each group:

    PARLARE (to speak)SCRIVERE (to write)DORMIRE (to sleep)
    io parlerΓ²io scriverΓ²io dormirΓ²
    tu parleraitu scriveraitu dormirai
    lui / lei parlerΓ lui / lei scriverΓ lui / lei dormirΓ 
    noi parleremonoi scriveremonoi dormiremo
    voi parleretevoi scriveretevoi dormirete
    loro parlerannoloro scriverannoloro dormiranno

    Have you noticed the peculiarity of the verbs in -ARE? The letter -A of -ARE becomes an -E!

    PAY ATTENTION:

    The verbs ending in -CARE and -GARE take an H after the -C and the -G in each person of the conjugation!

    For example:

    PAGARE (to pay)COMUNICARE (to communicate)
    io pagherΓ²io comunicherΓ²
    tu pagheraitu comunicherai
    lui / lei pagherΓ lui / lei comunicherΓ 
    noi pagheremonoi comunicheremo
    voi pagheretevoi comunicherete
    loro pagherannoloro comunicheranno

    Instead, the verbs in -CIARE and -GIARE lose the -I in each person of the conjugation!

    For example:

    COMINCIARE (to begin)MANGIARE (to eat)
    io comincerΓ²io mangerΓ²
    tu cominceraitu mangerai
    lui / lei comincerΓ lui / lei mangerΓ 
    noi cominceremonoi mangeremo
    voi cominceretevoi mangerete
    loro comincerannoloro mangeranno

    Do you think it’s over? Unfortunately no!

    The verbs ESSERE and AVERE, obviously, are completely irregular! Here you are their simple future:

    ESSERE (to be)AVERE (to have)
    io sarΓ²io avrΓ²
    tu saraitu avrai
    lui / lei sarΓ lui / lei avrΓ 
    noi saremonoi avremo
    voi saretevoi avrete
    loro sarannoloro avranno

    Other irregularities that deserve to be mentioned are:

    1) some verbs in -ARE such as DARE, FARE e STARE don’t change the -A in -E. Here you are their simple future:

    DARE (to give)FARE (to do)STARE (to stay)
    io darΓ²io farΓ²io starΓ²
    tu daraitu faraitu starai
    lui / lei darΓ lui / lei farΓ lui / lei starΓ 
    noi daremonoi faremonoi staremo
    voi daretevoi faretevoi starete
    loro darannoloro farannoloro staranno

    2) some verbs in -ERE such as DOVERE, SAPERE, VIVERE, POTERE, VEDERE, CADERE (N.B. among these, there’s also ANDARE!!!) behave like AVERE, that is they lose the first E as well as the second one! Here you are their simple future:

    DOVERE (to must)SAPERE (to know)VIVERE (to live)
    io dovrΓ²io saprΓ²io vivrΓ²
    tu dovraitu sapraitu vivrai
    lui / lei dovrΓ lui / lei saprΓ lui / lei vivrΓ 
    noi dovremonoi sapremonoi vivremo
    voi dovretevoi sapretevoi vivrete
    loro dovrannoloro saprannoloro vivranno
    POTERE (to can)VEDERE (to see)CADERE (to fall)
    io potrΓ²io vedrΓ²io cadrΓ²
    tu potraitu vedraitu cadrai
    lui / lei potrΓ lui / lei vedrΓ lui / lei cadrΓ 
    noi potremonoi vedremonoi cadremo
    voi potretevoi vedretevoi cadrete
    loro potrannoloro vedrannoloro cadranno
    ANDARE (to go)
    io andrΓ²
    tu andrai
    lui / lei andrΓ 
    noi andremo
    voi andrete
    loro andranno

    3) other verbs, instead, lose not only the ending, but also part of their root, and they are characterized by the presence of a double r β€œrr”… This happens with VENIRE, RIMANERE, MANTENERE, TENERE, VOLERE and BERE. Here you are their simple future:

    VENIRE (to come)RIMANERE (to remain)MANTENERE (to keep)
    io verrΓ²io rimarrΓ²io manterrΓ²
    tu verraitu rimarraitu manterrai
    lui / lei verrΓ lui / lei rimarrΓ lui / lei manterrΓ 
    noi verremonoi rimarremonoi manterremo
    voi verretevoi rimarretevoi manterrete
    loro verrannoloro rimarrannoloro manterranno
    TENERE (to hold)VOLERE (to want)BERE (to drink)
    io terrΓ²io vorrΓ²io berrΓ²
    tu terraitu vorraitu berrai
    lui / lei terrΓ lui / lei vorrΓ lui / lei berrΓ 
    noi terremonoi vorremonoi berremo
    voi terretevoi vorretevoi berrete
    Loro terrannoloro vorrannoloro berranno

    When TO USE the SIMPLE FUTURE  in Italian?

    1. Obviously, it is used to express actions that will be carried out.

    For example:

    L’anno prossimo andrΓ² in Brasile. (Next year I’ll go to Brazil)

    PAY ATTENTION! With this meaning, Italians often use the present instead of the future, especially when it’s a close future.

    For example:

    Domani incontriamo il Presidente (Tomorrow we meet the President)

    is like

    Domani incontreremo il Presidente (Tomorrow we’ll meet the President)

    2. Furthermore, we use the future even to express insecurity, doubts…

    For example:

    È buio fuori, sembra molto tardi… Che ore saranno? (It’s dark outside, it seems to be very late… What time is it?)

    3. Another very interesting use is that of expressing hypothesis.

    For example:

    Questo vestito costerΓ  almeno 400 euro! Non posso permettermelo! (This dress will certainly cost at least 400 euros! I cannot afford it!)

    4. We also use the future to reduce the importance of a subject… this is called FUTURO CONCESSIVO!

    For example:

    Luisa sarΓ  anche una brava ragazza, ma proprio non la sopporto! Mi sta qui! (Luisa might be a good girl, but I can’t stand her!)

    Did you know that the expression “Mi sta qui!” generally goes with a gesture in Italian? Learn Italian gestures with our video!

    Do you still have some energy? Well! Then let’s see…

    PERFECT FUTURE

    In order to form the perfect future, you only need the future of the verb ESSERE or AVERE (according to the one that our verb needs) + the past participle of the verb.

    Review when to use ESSERE or AVERE with our lesson!

    For example:

    ANDARE (to go)FINIRE (to finish)
    io sarΓ² andato/aio avrΓ² finito
    tu sarai andato/atu avrai finito
    lui / lei sarΓ  andato/alui / lei avrΓ  finito
    noi saremo andati/enoi avremo finito
    voi sarete andati/evoi avrete finito
    loro saranno andati/eloro avranno finito

    When TO USE the PERFECT FUTURE in Italian?

    1. The perfect future is used together with the simple future to express two actions, where one action happens after the other one (the perfect future expresses the first action)

    For example:

    Quando avrai finito di mangiare, andremo al cinema. (When you’re done eating, we’ll go to the cinema)

    Non appena saremo arrivati a Parigi, visiteremo la Torre Eiffel! (As soon as we arrive in Paris, we’ll visit the Eiffel Tower!)

    Doubts about the word APPENA? Learn all its meanings with our lesson!

    2. Furthermore, we use it in the same cases in which we use the simple future, but to express a past action.

    For example, hypothesis in the past:

    Oggi Luigi ha mal di testa. Sicuramente avrΓ  dormito poco ieri sera. (Today Luigi has a headache. He must have slept a little yesterday evening)

    If you still have doubts, let us know in the comments!

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