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CONDITIONAL (present and past): how to form and when to use it!

    In today’s lesson we will deal with an Italian tricky mood: the CONDITIONAL! But don’t worry: we will find out together how to form and when to use it… so, don’t move!

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    Italian CONDITIONAL: morphology and use

    Let’s start by saying that the conditional, in the Italian language, is divided into two tenses: present (also known as “simple”) and past (also known as “compound”).

    PRESENT CONDITIONAL in Italian

    At this point, a clarification is needed: Italian verbs, in conditional and future, are formed by following the same rules and they do have the same exceptions! Yes! You got that right: this means that if you know how to form the FUTURE, you can also form the CONDITIONAL… and viceversa! That’s cool, isn’t it? Anyway, let’s see how to form the present conditional, for those of you who still have doubts!

    The only difference between future and conditional are their endings. The endings of the present conditional are the same for all the verbal groups! That’s great, isn’t it? 😉

    Furthermore, those endings are not to be added to the root of the verb, but to the entire verb without the last vowel -E.

    Let’s see one example for each group:

    PARLARE (to speak)LEGGERE (to read)DORMIRE (to sleep)
    io parlereiio leggereiio dormirei
    tu parlerestitu leggerestitu dormiresti
    lui / lei parlerebbelui / lei leggerebbelui / lei dormirebbe
    noi parleremmonoi leggeremmonoi dormiremmo
    voi parlerestevoi leggerestevoi dormireste
    loro parlerebberoloro leggerebberoloro dormirebbero

    Have you noticed the peculiarity of the verbs in -ARE? The letter -A of -ARE becomes an -E!

    PAY ATTENTION:

    The verbs ending in -CARE and -GARE take an H after the -C and the -G in each person of the conjugation!

    For example:

    PAGARE (to pay)COMUNICARE (to communicate)
    io paghereiio comunicherei
    tu pagherestitu comunicheresti
    lui / lei pagherebbelui / lei comunicherebbe
    noi pagheremmonoi comunicheremmo
    voi pagherestevoi comunichereste
    loro pagherebberoloro comunicherebbero

    Instead, the verbs in -CIARE and -GIARE lose the -I in each person of the conjugation!

    For example:

    COMINCIARE (to begin)MANGIARE (to eat)
    io comincereiio mangerei
    tu comincerestitu mangeresti
    lui / lei comincerebbelui / lei mangerebbe
    noi cominceremmonoi mangeremmo
    voi comincerestevoi mangereste
    loro comincerebberoloro mangerebbero

    Do you think it’s over? Unfortunately no!

    The verbs ESSERE and AVERE, obviously, are completely irregular! Here you are their simple future:

    ESSERE (to be)AVERE (to have)
    io sareiio avrei
    tu sarestitu avresti
    lui / lei sarebbelui / lei avrebbe
    noi saremmonoi avremmo
    voi sarestevoi avreste
    loro sarebberoloro avrebbero

    Other irregularities that deserve to be mentioned are:

    1) some verbs in -ARE such as DARE, FARE e STARE don’t change the -A in -E. Here you are their simple future:

    DARE (to give)FARE (to do)STARE (to stay)
    io dareiio fareiio starei
    tu darestitu farestitu staresti
    lui / lei darebbelui / lei farebbelui / lei starebbe
    noi daremmonoi faremmonoi staremmo
    voi darestevoi farestevoi stareste
    loro darebberoloro farebberoloro starebbero

    2) some verbs in -ERE such as DOVERE, SAPERE, VIVERE, POTERE, VEDERE, CADERE (N.B. among these, there’s also ANDARE!!!) behave like AVERE, that is they lose the first E as well as the second one! Here you are their simple future:

    DOVERE (to must)SAPERE (to know)VIVERE (to live)
    io dovreiio sapreiio vivrei
    tu dovrestitu saprestitu vivresti
    lui / lei dovrebbelui / lei saprebbelui / lei vivrebbe
    noi dovremmonoi sapremmonoi vivremmo
    voi dovrestevoi saprestevoi vivreste
    loro dovrebberoloro saprebberoloro vivrebbero
    POTERE (to can)VEDERE (to see)CADERE (to fall)
    io potreiio vedreiio cadrei
    tu potrestitu vedrestitu cadresti
    lui / lei potrebbelui / lei vedrebbelui / lei cadrebbe
    noi potremmonoi vedremmonoi cadremmo
    voi potrestevoi vedrestevoi cadreste
    loro potrebberoloro vedrebberoloro cadrebbero
    ANDARE (to go)
    io andrei
    tu andresti
    lui / lei andrebbe
    noi andremmo
    voi andreste
    loro andrebbero

    3) other verbs, instead, lose not only the ending, but also part of their root, and they are characterized by the presence of a double r “rr”… This happens with VENIRE, RIMANERE, MANTENERE, TENERE, VOLERE and BERE. Here you are their simple future:

    VENIRE (to come)RIMANERE (to remain)MANTENERE (to keep)
    io verreiio rimarreiio manterrei
    tu verrestitu rimarrestitu manterresti
    lui / lei verrebbelui / lei rimarrebbelui / lei manterrebbe
    noi verremmonoi rimarremmonoi manterremmo
    voi verrestevoi rimarrestevoi manterreste
    loro verrebberoloro rimarrebberoloro manterrebbero
    TENERE (to hold)VOLERE (to want)BERE (to drink)
    io terreiio vorreiio berrei
    tu terrestitu vorrestitu berresti
    lui / lei terrebbelui / lei vorrebbelui / lei berrebbe
    noi terremmonoi vorremmonoi berremmo
    voi terrestevoi vorrestevoi berreste
    Loro terrebberoloro vorrebberoloro berrebbero

    When TO USE the PRESENT CONDITIONAL in Italian?

    1. To express a DESIRE

    For example:

    Mi piacerebbe tanto visitare New York! (I would really like to visit New York!)

    or

    Quanto vorrei che fosse già estate! (I wish it was already summertime!)

    2. To express POLITENESS

    For example:

    Vorrei un caffè per favore! (I’d like a coffee, please!)

    or

    Mi daresti il tuo numero di telefono, gentilmente? (Would you kindly give me your telephone number?)

    3. To express PERSONAL OPINIONS

    For example:

    Lucia vuole organizzare una festa a sorpresa per suo fratello. Sarebbe una cosa carina a mio parere. (Lucia wants to throw a surprise party for her brother. It would be a nice thing in my opinion)

    4. To express ADVICE

    For example:

    Secondo me, dovresti impegnarti di più nel tuo lavoro. (In my view, you should work harder)

    5. In the main sentence of the 2nd type of Italian if clauses to express possibility, together with the imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate sentence.

    For example:

    Se fossi ricca, comprerei una villa a Cannes. (If I were rich, I would buy a big house in Cannes)

    or

    Se chiedesse scusa, lo perdonerei(If he apologized, I would forgive him)

    6. To express a DOUBT

    For example:

    Come potrei fare per risolvere questo problema adesso? (What could I do to solve this problem now?)

    or

    E quest’uomo chi sarebbe(Who’s this man?)

    Related to this use, the conditional is especially used in the newspaper language to REPORT RUMORS, unconfirmed news. 

    For example:

    Tra le vittime del disastro aereo ci sarebbero 5 italiani (Among the victims of the air disaster there reportedly are 5 Italians)

    Everything’s clear? Now let’s move to…

    PAST CONDITIONAL in Italian

    The past conditional is formed in a simple way, that is by using the present conditional of ESSERE or AVERE (according to the one that our verb needs) + the past participle of the verb!

    Review when to use ESSERE or AVERE with our lesson!

    For example:

    ANDARE (to go)FINIRE (to finish)
    io sarei andato/aio avrei finito
    tu saresti andato/atu avresti finito
    lui / lei sarebbe andato/alui / lei avrebbe finito
    noi saremmo andati/enoi avremmo finito
    voi sareste andati/evoi avreste finito
    loro sarebbero andati/eloro avrebbero finito

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    When TO USE the PAST CONDITIONAL in Italian?

    Basically, we use it in the same cases in which we use the present, but referring to past actions and events. The only case in which we cannot use the past conditional is to express POLITENESS! 

    1. DESIRE in the past:

    Quando sono stata alla festa, mi sarebbe piaciuto fare più foto, ma purtroppo avevo il cellulare scarico. (When I was at the party, I would have liked to take more pictures, but unfortunately my smartphone was out of charge)

    2. PERSONAL OPINION in the past:

    Peccato che quella festa sia saltata. Sarebbe stata divertente secondo me. (Too bad that party didn’t take place. It would have been funny in my opinion)

    3. ADVICE in the past:

    Non avresti dovuto lasciarlo andare! (You shouldn’t have let him go!)

    4. In the third type of Italian if clauses, instead, the past conditional is used in the main sentence to express impossibility, together with the past perfect subjunctive in the subordinate sentence:

    Se tu avessi chiamato Luca, ti avrebbe detto la verità. (If you had called Luca, he would have told you the truth)

    5. DOUBT in the past:

    Quando è andata via, ho pianto tanto. Ma cos’altro avrei potuto fare per fermarla? (When she went away, I cried a lot. But what else could I have done to stop her?)

    6. To REPORT unconfirmed NEWS in the past:

    Il criminale sarebbe stato avvistato al confine con la Svizzera. (The criminal was reportedly spotted at the border with Switzerland)

    7. PAY ATTENTION! We also use the past conditional to express FUTURE IN THE PAST!!! Keep this in mind because this is something typical of the Italian language! 

    For example:

    Mi ha detto che avrebbe fatto tardi! (He told me he would be late!)


    For further information about the FUTURE IN THE PAST, we suggest you to have a look at our lesson about the Italian INDIRECT SPEECH!

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